“There’s memory coherency issues when the DMA engine overlaps with cache lines,” she hypothesized. They injected cache flushes before the submission and invalidates after completion. The errors persisted. Not cache.

They reconstructed an entire failing run in a virtualized replica, isolating variables until only one remained: buffer alignment. The failing buffers sat on boundaries that made the DMA scatter-gather table toggle between descriptor banks. When the descriptor pointer wrapped across a boundary, the controller would fetch a descriptor mid-update and execute a slightly stale command. The write would complete, but part of the payload would be patched by an overwritten descriptor field—silent, insidious.

Mara’s hands moved as fast as her mind. She proposed a software workaround: ensure buffer allocations never straddled descriptor banks; pad allocations so DMA scatter lists couldn't overlap descriptor memory; enforce strict memory barriers and ownership flags. It was inelegant, a surgical bandage over a flawed flow, but it bought time.